Bangladesh stands at a critical juncture in its defence and security strategy as it considers a potential agreement with Japan that could reshape its military capabilities and geopolitical alliances. Diplomatic sources confirm that if finalised, the deal would grant Bangladesh access to advanced technologies in maritime and cyber security, elevating its defence infrastructure while requiring careful navigation of its relationships with major global powers.
Japan’s shift in defence export policies, which began in 2022, has opened new avenues for collaboration. Former Japanese Ambassador to Bangladesh Ito Naoki highlighted that Japan had relaxed its arms export laws, enabling defence manufacturers like Mitsubishi Electronics to explore sales to Asian nations. During discussions with Bangladesh Air Force officials, Mitsubishi Electronics showcased radar systems for air defence, signalling Japan’s interest in deepening military ties with Dhaka.
The defence agreement was initially broached ahead of former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s planned visit to Tokyo in November 2022, though the trip was later postponed. At the time, Bangladesh cited financial constraints as a barrier to arms procurement. Japan responded by offering potential financial assistance to facilitate the deal, underscoring its commitment to fostering defence cooperation.
Security analyst and President of the Bangladesh Institute of Peace and Security Studies (BIPSS) Major General (Retd) ANM Muniruzzaman provided insight into the agreement’s significance. “Under the proposed agreement, Bangladesh will receive not only arms but also defence-related technologies from Japan,” he said. “This would positively contribute to strengthening our armed forces. Since the agreement carries no binding conditions, it will also be favourable for us.”
The potential deal comes at a time when Bangladesh is seeking to modernise its military while maintaining a delicate balance between its relationships with China, the United States, and other key players. Japan’s offer of advanced defence technologies, particularly in maritime and cyber security, could enhance Bangladesh’s strategic autonomy and operational readiness.
For Japan, the agreement represents an opportunity to expand its defence exports and strengthen its presence in South Asia. By providing financial assistance, Japan could further solidify its position as a trusted partner for Bangladesh, countering China’s growing influence in the region.
As Bangladesh weighs its options, the decision will have far-reaching implications for its defence capabilities and geopolitical positioning. The absence of binding conditions in the agreement offers Dhaka flexibility, but the move will require careful diplomacy to ensure alignment with broader strategic interests. If finalised, the deal could set a precedent for future defence collaborations, reinforcing Japan’s role as a key player in regional security dynamics.