China’s recent military parade in Beijing showcased a formidable array of next-generation combat vehicles and unmanned systems, underscoring the country’s rapid advancements in defence technology. The event, which featured the Type 100 family of armoured vehicles and a range of cutting-edge drones, signals a strategic shift in the People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA) operational capabilities and highlights China’s growing influence in military innovation.
The Type 100, a fourth-generation combat vehicle, made its debut in two variants: a medium tank and a combat support vehicle. Both share a common chassis and are equipped with hybrid electric propulsion systems, combining a 1,500hp diesel engine with batteries and electric motors. This setup allows for near-silent operations, a critical advantage in modern warfare. The tank variant features a 105mm main gun in an unmanned turret, while the combat support vehicle is armed with a 30mm cannon and augmented-reality visors for crew members, providing a 360° view of the battlefield. The vehicles are also equipped with advanced protection systems, including reactive armour and an upgraded GL6 active protection system, which can intercept incoming projectiles and potentially counter loitering munitions.
The PLA also unveiled an upgraded ZTZ-99B main battle tank, although details on its improvements remain unclear. Additionally, the Airborne Corps of the PLA Air Force (PLAAF) displayed a new family of armoured vehicles, including an infantry fighting vehicle, a multipurpose vehicle, and a 120mm gun/mortar. These vehicles, designed for fast-response and deep-strike missions, feature enhanced armour and active protection systems, reflecting lessons learned from conflicts in Ukraine.
In the realm of artillery, the PLA showcased the PCL-191 modular rocket launchers, mounted on 8×8 truck chassis. These systems boast impressive ranges—up to 350km for the 300mm-diameter guided rockets and 500-750km for the 750mm tactical missiles. The modular design allows for rapid deployment and precise strikes, with the ability to target both point and area objectives. The PLA’s use of these systems in recent wargames, such as Strait Thunder-2025A, demonstrates their strategic significance in potential conflicts, particularly in the context of Taiwan.
The parade also highlighted China’s growing emphasis on unmanned systems. The PLA displayed a variety of drones, including the GJ-11 Sharp Sword and GJ-2 Wing Loong unmanned combat aerial vehicles. Notably, four new types of collaborative combat aircraft (CCA) made their debut, described as “unmanned air dominance fighters.” These tailless, single-engine designs are optimised for high performance and low observability, raising questions about their operational roles and autonomy levels. Satellite imagery suggests these drones are already in limited service with the PLAAF’s Western Theatre Command.
To counter the growing threat of drones, the PLA showcased a formation of counter-drone systems, including the FK-3000 and Type 625 air defence systems. Directed-energy weapons, such as the 10kW OW5-A10 and 50kW OW5-A50 lasers, were also on display, along with a high-powered microwave system designed to disrupt drone electronics. These systems form a comprehensive defensive shield against various aerial threats, reflecting China’s commitment to advanced counter-drone technologies.
The parade also featured a rotary-winged drone for naval applications, capable of vertical take-off and landing. Equipped with electro-optical/infrared sensors, surface search radar, and electronic support measures, these drones can perform maritime reconnaissance and surveillance. While not armed in the displayed models, their potential for future weaponisation underscores their versatility in naval operations.
China’s military parade in Beijing serves as a stark reminder of the country’s rapid technological advancements and its strategic ambitions. The unveiling of the Type 100 vehicles, advanced artillery systems, and a diverse array of unmanned systems highlights the PLA’s growing capabilities and its commitment to modernising its military forces. As China continues to invest in cutting-edge defence technologies, it is poised to shape the future of warfare, both regionally and globally. The parade also underscores the importance of international cooperation and vigilance in addressing emerging military threats and ensuring regional stability.