The military parade in Beijing this week offered a stark reminder of China’s relentless pursuit of technological supremacy in defence. The display of futuristic drones, intercontinental missiles, and advanced laser and microwave systems underscored not just the country’s military ambitions, but also the rapid evolution of its defence research and manufacturing ecosystem.
Among the most striking revelations were the debuts of at least five nuclear-capable missile types, including three capable of reaching the continental United States. This included a submarine-launched ballistic missile and a long-range air-launched ballistic missile, reinforcing China’s growing strategic strike capabilities. The parade also showcased several new types and variants of drones, from reconnaissance-strike unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to “loyal wingman” drones and fighter-like unmanned combat air vehicles.
One of the few drones definitively identified by military enthusiasts was an upgraded GJ-11, a stealthy UAV that first appeared in 2019. The presence of multiple unidentified drones suggests a wave of experimentation and rapid technological advancement within China’s defence sector. This aligns with the country’s military-civil fusion strategy, which integrates civilian and military research to accelerate innovation.
While state-owned defence conglomerates remain the backbone of China’s weapons development, private companies are increasingly playing a pivotal role. Supported by university research bodies and China’s vast industrial capacity, these firms are driving competition and pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in unmanned systems.
The parade’s display of cutting-edge technology is a clear signal that China is not just keeping pace with global defence trends—it is setting them. As the country continues to invest heavily in research and development, the world will be watching closely to see how these advancements shape the future of warfare.